Global ecosystem overfishing: Clear delineation within real limits to production

Ecosystem Overfishing in the Ocean

Fisheries catches represent a net export of mass and energy that can no longer be used by trophic levels higher than those fished. Thus, exploitation implies a depletion of secondary production of higher trophic levels (here the production of mass and energy by herbivores and carnivores in the ecosystem) due to the removal of prey. The depletion of secondary production due to the export of biom...

Global trade, food production and ecosystem support:

‘capturing Value’ within Global Production Networks

Placing places in GPNs Creating, enhancing and capturing value in GPNs Upgrading (or downgrading) of local economies within GPNs Injecting capital? Stimulating local fi rms? Diffusing knowledge? Creating good jobs? Number of jobs Quality of jobs Wages and salaries Labour relations The other side of the coin: exporting jobs from ‘headquarters countries’ The importance of being there But just bei...

Repeating patterns of virioplankton production within an estuarine ecosystem.

The Chesapeake Bay, a seasonally variable temperate estuary, provides a natural laboratory for examining the fluctuations and impacts of viral lysis on aquatic microorganisms. Viral abundance (VA) and viral production (VP) were monitored in the Chesapeake Bay over 4 1/2 annual cycles, producing a unique, long-term, interannual study of virioplankton production. High and dynamic VP rates, averag...

Marine ecosystem responses to Cenozoic global change.

The future impacts of anthropogenic global change on marine ecosystems are highly uncertain, but insights can be gained from past intervals of high atmospheric carbon dioxide partial pressure. The long-term geological record reveals an early Cenozoic warm climate that supported smaller polar ecosystems, few coral-algal reefs, expanded shallow-water platforms, longer food chains with less energy...